Results:Īfter matching, n = 99 cases and n = 396 controls were included in the analysis. We used conditional logistic regression to test the association between being an IBD case and past sun exposure at different ages, adjusted for a range of other factors. Cases and controls were matched on age and sex. Grandparent ancestry was used to determine participant ethnicity. Questionnaires provided data on demographics, past sun exposure, the likelihood of sunburn (skin sensitivity) or tanning following sun exposure, use of sun protection, physical activity, and parental smoking and education. Control participants were recruited from the day surgery unit of one of the same hospitals. We recruited children (0–17 years) with IBD from 2 large hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Ecological studies show higher incidence in regions at higher latitude or lower ambient ultraviolet radiation individual-level associations with sun exposure have not been assessed. The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
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Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal's Web site ( This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. The authors report no conflicts of interest. This work was supported by funding by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia through Senior Research Fellowships for R.M.L., A-L.P., and C.K. PAID Consortium: Pediatric AutoImmune Disease Consortium. Lucas, MB ChB, PhD, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Building 62, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia (e-mail: ).
§Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.Īddress correspondence and reprint requests to Professor Robyn M. ‡Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne ∗National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra